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２００８年６月４日 言語学コロキアム発表要旨
| Satoshi Tomioka （デラウェア大学、言語認知科学科） ‘Why’ questions, Presuppositions, and Intervention Effects It has been observed (e.g., Kuwabara, Miyagawa, Lee, Ko) that naze/way ‘why’ questions in Japanese and Korean do not manifest what have come to be known as Intervention Effects (IEs). I present a novel analysis of this phenomenon, based on the finer-grained judgment; the why^Intervener pattern is better than the other Wh^Intervener but still not as good as the Intervener^why order. This kind of gradient judgment cannot be easily dealt with the existing analyses, which are based on the ‘survival of the fittest’ principle. I argue that the improvement in why questions has its root in the presuppositional property unique to why questions. I will show that the why presupposition, coupled with the pragmatic account of IEs I advocated in my previous work, can successfully derive the judgment pattern. I also discuss the re-emergence of IEs with why questions under embedding (noted by Ko). Although I cannot provide a full-fledged analysis of this puzzling phenomenon, I will present new data that suggest that the re-emergence is not due to the syntax of embedding (contra Ko) but presuppositional consequences in embedded contexts. |
| Kyle Johnson(マサチューセッツ大学 アマースト校、言語学科) Fitting a Multidominant Model of Movement to Reconstruction Effects The focus of this talk will be on current explanations of the so-called “reconstruc-tion” effects invoked by syntactic movement operations. When movement shows re-construction effects, the phrase that moves behaves in some respects as if it has been semantically interpreted in its pre-moved position. Different movement operations give rise to different effects, and it matters also what the syntactic form of the moved phrase is. I will sketch a popular method of achieving these effects that characterizes movement as involving an operation that produces copies of the moved item. While this looks like a necessary ingredient to any successful account of reconstruction effects, it overgenerates. I will explore a solution to the problem of overgeneration that involves reinterpreting “copies” as one phrase assigned more than one position in a phrase-marker. This requires that phrase markers permit multidominance: one node may have more than one mother. I’ll introduce a way of linearizing these phrase markers that solves some of the problems we look at. |
神田外語大学 言語科学研究センター
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